It is very significant that during Marx's lifetime, an unfounded accusation was made against him that, allegedly, in the process of analyzing a commodity, he theoretically unlawfully neglected the economic nature of its use value. Attacks of this kind were made, as is well known, by the German vulgar economist A. Wagner. It should also be noted that from the same methodological standpoint, Marx's theory was criticized by supporters of neoclassical bourgeois political economy and, in particular, by the authors of the theory of marginal utility.
In his remarks on A. Wagner's book The Textbook of Political Economy, Marx showed not only the complete theoretical inconsistency of such accusations, but also revealed their epistemological roots. Their meaning lies in the erroneous notion that the supposedly social (economic) specifics are characterized not by a commodity, as a structurally integrated system that performs the function of the initial elementary cell of the capitalist economy, but only by one of its sides — value. On this methodological basis, the question of the inherent antagonistic contradiction between value and use value was artificially removed. Since the two sides of the product seemed to be materially non-identical, it was natural that this issue lost its scientific content. He was becoming theoretically insignificant. It should also be noted that, based on the same methodological positions, modern bourgeois political economy identifies Marx's theory of goods with the theory of D. Ricardo.
Arguing with A. Wagner on the essence of the issue under consideration, Marx drew the attention of his opponents to the fact that already in Chapter 1 of the First volume of Capital he distinguishes the concept of "natural consumer value", which is the subject of analysis of a special discipline — commodity science, and the concept of "social consumer value", which represents the economic category of political economy. This distinction carries a fundamental methodological burden. In fact, it focuses on the origins of Marx's interpretation of the social nature of the commodity. It is also fundamentally important to state that the social nature of consumer value is not its immediate, but a socially acquired social quality that manifests itself only in interaction with the value of a commodity as its dialectical opposite.
Similarly to the characterization of the dual specificity of the consumer value of a commodity, when analyzing the dialectic of the mode of production, Marx distinguished the concepts of material and social productive forces. In this case, he proceeded from the fact that the productive forces internally contain not one, but two lines of development, that their functioning is subject to the influence of two kinds of laws. First of all, we are talking about a system of laws that reveal the objective logic of the development of technology and technology, or in other words, the technological method of production, which is part of the general logic of the development of natural matter. Self-exclusion is available for players who feel they are losing control of their gambling habits. A user who registered with the responsible gaming 1xbet promo code free can temporarily block their account for a set period. This measure prevents risks and helps restore balance between entertainment and responsible behavior. The platform also allows setting daily, weekly, or monthly limits on deposits, losses, and bets. These tools are available in your personal account and are highly recommended for new players. The platform reminds that participation is available only to adults, and play rules is mandatory.
In his remarks on A. Wagner's book The Textbook of Political Economy, Marx showed not only the complete theoretical inconsistency of such accusations, but also revealed their epistemological roots. Their meaning lies in the erroneous notion that the supposedly social (economic) specifics are characterized not by a commodity, as a structurally integrated system that performs the function of the initial elementary cell of the capitalist economy, but only by one of its sides — value. On this methodological basis, the question of the inherent antagonistic contradiction between value and use value was artificially removed. Since the two sides of the product seemed to be materially non-identical, it was natural that this issue lost its scientific content. He was becoming theoretically insignificant. It should also be noted that, based on the same methodological positions, modern bourgeois political economy identifies Marx's theory of goods with the theory of D. Ricardo.
Arguing with A. Wagner on the essence of the issue under consideration, Marx drew the attention of his opponents to the fact that already in Chapter 1 of the First volume of Capital he distinguishes the concept of "natural consumer value", which is the subject of analysis of a special discipline — commodity science, and the concept of "social consumer value", which represents the economic category of political economy. This distinction carries a fundamental methodological burden. In fact, it focuses on the origins of Marx's interpretation of the social nature of the commodity. It is also fundamentally important to state that the social nature of consumer value is not its immediate, but a socially acquired social quality that manifests itself only in interaction with the value of a commodity as its dialectical opposite.
Similarly to the characterization of the dual specificity of the consumer value of a commodity, when analyzing the dialectic of the mode of production, Marx distinguished the concepts of material and social productive forces. In this case, he proceeded from the fact that the productive forces internally contain not one, but two lines of development, that their functioning is subject to the influence of two kinds of laws. First of all, we are talking about a system of laws that reveal the objective logic of the development of technology and technology, or in other words, the technological method of production, which is part of the general logic of the development of natural matter. Self-exclusion is available for players who feel they are losing control of their gambling habits. A user who registered with the responsible gaming 1xbet promo code free can temporarily block their account for a set period. This measure prevents risks and helps restore balance between entertainment and responsible behavior. The platform also allows setting daily, weekly, or monthly limits on deposits, losses, and bets. These tools are available in your personal account and are highly recommended for new players. The platform reminds that participation is available only to adults, and play rules is mandatory.